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Table 1 Description of the sociodemographic characteristics and study measures at both baseline (T0) and at the 2-year follow-up (T1), and characteristics of non-participants at T0 and T1

From: Positive psychological well-being predicts lower severe pain in the general population: a 2-year follow-up study of the SwePain cohort

Characteristic; n (%), unless otherwise stated Number of answers on specific items Participants at T0 (N = 15,563) Number of answers on specific items Participants at both T0 and T1 (T0 responses; N = 11,386) Number of answers on specific items Participants at both T0 and T1 (T1 responses; N = 11,386) Non-Participants at T0 (N = 18,437) Non-Participants at T1 (N = 4177)
Age, years; mean (SD) 15,563 51.6 (18.5) 11,386 53.8 (17.5) 11,384 55.8 (17.5) – 45.6 (19.5)
Sex 15,563   11,386   11,386    
 Men   7151 (46.0)   5125 (45.0)   5125 (45.0) 9837 (54.0) 2026 (48.5)
 Women   8412 (54.0)   6261 (55.0)   6261 (55.0) 8382 (46.0) 2151 (51.5)
Civil status 15,555   11,381   11,386    
 Single   5134 (33.0)   3283 (28.8)   3179 (27.9) 9440 (51.8) 1851 (44.3)
 Married   7825 (50.3)   6104 (53.7)   6105 (53.6) 6347 (34.8) 1721 (41.2)
 Divorced   1762 (11.3)   1351 (11.9)   1387 (12.2) 1802 (9.9) 411 (9.8)
 Widowed   834 (5.4)   643 (5.6)   715 (6.3) 630 (3.5) 191 (4.6)
Educational level 15,256   11,205   11,162    
 Elementary school   3442 (22.6)   2571 (22.9)   2491 (22.3) – 871 (21.5)
 Secondary school or vocational training   6225 (40.8)   4327 (38.6)   4257 (38.2) – 1898 (46.9)
 College or university   5589 (36.6)   4307 (38.5)   4414 (39.5) – 1282 (31.6)
Employment status 15,115   11,102   11,002    
 Employment   8708 (57.6)   6366 (57.3)   6213 (56.5) – 2342 (58.4)
 Unemployment   6407 (42.4)   4736 (42.7)   4789 (43.5) – 1671 (51.6)
Country of birth 15,563   11,386   11,386    
 Sweden   14,093 (90.6)   10,496 (92.2)   10,496 (92.2) 14,475 (79.5) 3597 (86.1)
 Abroad   1470 (9.4)   890 (7.8)   890 (7.8) 3744 (20.5) 580 (13.9)
Household income, euros per year; mean (SD) 15,510 55,270 (35,157) 11,360 56,524 (34,755) 11,386 58,419 (35,919) – 51,834 (36,014)
Co-morbidity 15,305   11,226   10,030    
 Multimorbidity   4868 (31.8)   3640 (32.4)   3189 (31.8) – 2851 (69.9)
 Single morbidity   10,437 (68.2)   7586 (67.6)   6841 (68.2) – 1228 (30.1)
Sleep problems 15,162   11,126   11,034    
 Yes   5215 (34.4)   3843 (34.5)   3708 (33.6) – 1372 (34.0)
 No   9947 (65.6)   7283 (65.5)   7326 (66.4) – 2664 (66.0)
Chronic pain grades (CPGs) 13,975   10,410   9361    
 CPG-0   8234 (58.9)   6162 (59.0)   5409 (57.8) – 2172 (58.4)
 CPG-I   2414 (17.3)   1887 (18.0)   1755 (18.7) – 584 (15.7)
 CPG-II   1989 (14.2)   1463 (14.4)   1380 (14.7) – 526 (14.1)
 CPG-III   560 (4.0)   371 (3.6)   337 (3.6) – 189 (5.1)
 CPG-IV   778 (5.6)   527 (5.0)   480 (5.1) – 251 (6.7)
Psychological well-being 14,492   10,676   10,562    
 Severe distress   2769 (19.1)   1846 (17.3)   1904 (18.0) – 923 (24.2)
 Moderate distress   2556 (17.6)   1844 (17.3)   1906 (18.1) – 712 (18.7)
 Positive well-being   9167 (63.3)   6986 (65.4)   6752 (63.9) – 2181 (57.1)
Life satisfaction 15,115   11,123   11,051    
 Not satisfied   4212 (27.9)   2842 (25.5)   3005 (27.2) – 1372 (34.0)
 Satisfied   10,903 (72.1)   8281 (25.5)   8046 (72.8) – 2664 (66.0)
  1. SD standard deviation, CPGs chronic pain grades
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Annals of General Psychiatry

ISSN: 1744-859X