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|
Characteristics
|
Misdiagnosis
|
Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
|
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Yes
|
No
|
|---|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
83
|
119
|
1.27 (0.80–2.06)
|
1.52 (0.85–2.71)
|
|
Female
|
38
|
69
|
1
|
1
|
|
Age
|
|
18–30
|
46
|
64
|
1.09 (0.62–1.91)
|
1.17 (0.58–2.36)
|
|
31–40
|
38
|
68
|
0.86 (0.48–1.50)
|
1.01 (0.52–1.96)
|
|
≥ 40
|
37
|
56
|
1
|
1
|
|
Educational status
|
|
No formal education
|
15
|
15
|
1.63 (0.67–3.99)
|
1.46 (0.49–4.34)
|
|
Primary
|
38
|
65
|
0.96 (0.49–186)
|
0.83 (0.38–1.78)
|
|
Secondary
|
46
|
72
|
1.05 (0.55–1.96)
|
1.13 (0.54–2.34)
|
|
Higher
|
22
|
36
|
1
|
1
|
|
Residence
|
|
Rural
|
34
|
40
|
1
|
1
|
|
Urban
|
87
|
148
|
1.45 (0.85–2.45)
|
1.49 (0.78–2.82)
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Single
|
79
|
123
|
1
|
1
|
|
Married
|
30
|
44
|
1.07 (0.62–1.83)
|
0.87 (0.45–1.66)
|
|
Divorce/widowed
|
12
|
21
|
0.89 (0.41–1.96)
|
1.15 (0.48–2.82)
|
|
Type of SPD
|
|
MDD
|
53
|
39
|
4.37 (2.47–7.76)
|
4.22 (1.69–10.56)*
|
|
BPD
|
15
|
39
|
1.24 (0.61–2.53)
|
1.24 (0.57–2.68)
|
|
SCZAF
|
21
|
7
|
9.66 (3.76–24.79)
|
12.39 (4.50–34.16)**
|
|
SCZ
|
32
|
103
|
1
|
1
|
|
MDD psychosis
|
|
Yes
|
38
|
26
|
2.85 (1.62–5.02)
|
1.14 (0.44–2.95)
|
|
No
|
83
|
162
|
1
|
1
|
|
Suicidal ideation
|
|
Suicide
|
87
|
104
|
2.07 (1.27–3.37)
|
2.19 (1.24–3.87)*
|
|
No suicide
|
34
|
84
|
1
|
1
|
|
Relapse
|
|
Relapsed
|
90
|
169
|
1.11 (0.66–1.86)
|
1.41 (0.75–2.62)
|
|
No relapse
|
31
|
52
|
1
| |
|
Admission
|
|
Admission
|
78
|
118
|
1.07 (0.69–1.73)
|
1.23 (0.70–2.16)
|
|
No admission
|
43
|
70
|
1
|
1
|
- SCZ schizophrenia, MDD major depressive disorder, BD bipolar disorder, SCZAF schizoaffective disorder
- *Significant association (p-value < 0.05); **significant association (p-value < 0.001)
